And " Python 3.9+" means it's compatible with Python 3.9 or above (including 3.10, etc). In all the docs there are examples compatible with each version of Python (when there's a difference).įor example " Python 3.6+" means it's compatible with Python 3.6 or above (including 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, etc). If you can choose a more recent version of Python for your project, you will be able to take advantage of that extra simplicity. The syntax using typing is compatible with all versions, from Python 3.6 to the latest ones, including Python 3.9, Python 3.10, etc.Īs Python advances, newer versions come with improved support for these type annotations and in many cases you won't even need to import and use the typing module to declare the type annotations. It exists specifically to support these type hints. To declare those types and the internal types, you can use the standard Python module typing. And it's possible to declare them, even with their internal types. These types that have internal types are called " generic" types. And the internal values can have their own type too. There are some data structures that can contain other values, like dict, list, set and tuple. See Stage 1: “safe” fixes and Stage 2: P圓-style code with wrappers for Py2 for more details.Def get_items ( item_a : str, item_b : int, item_c : float, item_d : bool, item_e : bytes ): return item_a, item_b, item_c, item_d, item_d, item_e Generic types with type parameters ¶ Stage 1 is for “safe” changes that modernize the code but do not break PythonĢ.7 compatibility or introduce a dependency on the future package. To write out all the changes to your Python files that futurize suggests,įor complex projects, it is probably best to divide the porting into two stages. upper () def _iter_ ( self ): return self itr = Upper ( 'hello' ) print ( next ( itr ), end = ' ' ) # P圓-style print function for letter in itr : print ( letter, end = ' ' ) _iter = iter ( iterable ) def _next_ ( self ): # P圓-style iterator interface return next ( self. install_aliases () from future.builtins import next from future.builtins import object import configparser # P圓-style import class Upper ( object ): def _init_ ( self, iterable ): self. isinstance() added to future.builtins (v0.8.2)įrom _future_ import print_function from future import standard_library standard_library.suspend_hooks() context manager added to future.standard_library.Looser type-checking for the backported str object.isinstance checks are supported natively with backported types.New context-manager interface to standard_library.hooks.Deprecated feature: auto-installation of standard-library import hooks.input() no longer disabled globally on Py2.Auto-translation of Python 2 modules upon import.futurize script no longer adds unicode_literals by default.Conversion scripts explicitly install import hooks.Refactoring of future.standard_library.* -> future.backports.newobject base object defines fallback Py2-compatible special methods.More robust standard-library import hooks.Which versions of Python does python-future support?.What is the relationship between python-future and python-modernize?.What is the relationship between future and six?. Can I maintain a Python 2 codebase and use 2to3 to automatically convert to Python 3 in the setup script?.Relationship between python-future and other compatibility tools.Can’t I just roll my own Py2/3 compatibility layer?.Step 2: working P圓 code that still supports Py2.Stage 2: P圓-style code with wrappers for Py2.Passing data to/from Python 2 libraries.Using Python 2-only dependencies on Python 3.Iterating through dict keys/values/items.Cheat Sheet: Writing Python 2-3 compatible code.Automatic conversion to Py2/3-compatible code.
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